Soda ikaze(NaOH) ni imwe mu byokurya by’ingenzi cyane bikomoka ku binyabutabire, aho umusaruro wose wa toni 106 ku mwaka. NaOH ikoreshwa mu butabire bw’umwimerere, mu gukora aluminiyumu, mu nganda z’impapuro, mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, mu gukora amasabune, nibindi. Soda ya Caustic ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa bikomoka ku gukora chlorine, 97% byabyo biva mu gusya sodium chloride.
Soda ya Caustic igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bikoresho byinshi by'icyuma, cyane cyane iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ibipimo byayo biri hejuru. Byari bizwi kuva kera ko nikeli irwanya ingese neza kuri soda ya Caustic iyo ari yo yose, nk'uko Ishusho ya 1 ibigaragaza. Byongeye kandi, uretse iyo ari hejuru cyane n'ubushyuhe, nikeli ntishobora kwangirika bitewe n'ibipimo byayo. Ingano ya nikeli 200 (EN 2.4066/UNS N02200) na aloyi 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N02201) rero bikoreshwa muri ibi byiciro byo gukora soda ya Caustic, bisaba kurwanya ingese cyane. Cathodes mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya electrolysis ikoreshwa mu gikorwa cyo gukurura membrane ikorwa n'amashuka ya nikeli. Ibice byo hasi byo gushyiramo alcool nabyo bikozwe muri nikeli. Bikora hakurikijwe ihame ryo gusohora umwuka mu byiciro byinshi cyane cyane hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gusohora umwuka bigwa. Muri ibi bice, nikeli ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'imiyoboro cyangwa impapuro z'imiyoboro zikoreshwa mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe mbere yo kuva mu mwuka, nk'impapuro cyangwa ibyuma bipfundikiye ku byuma bihindura ubushyuhe mbere yo kuva mu mwuka, no mu miyoboro yo gutwara umuti wa soda. Bitewe n'umuvuduko w'amazi, kristu za soda (umuti wa supersaturated) zishobora gutera isuri ku miyoboro ihindura ubushyuhe, bigatuma biba ngombwa kuyisimbuza nyuma y'imyaka 2-5. Uburyo bwo gusohora umwuka bukoreshwa mu gukora soda ya caustic ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi idafite amazi. Mu buryo bwakozwe na Bertrams, umunyu ushongeshejwe ku bushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 400 ukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo gushyushya. Aha imiyoboro ikozwe muri aloyi ya nikeli ifite karuboni nkeya 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N02201) ikwiye gukoreshwa kuko ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 315 °C (600 °F) ingano ya karuboni nyinshi ya aloyi isanzwe ya nikeli ifite karuboni 200 (EN 2.4066/UNS N02200) ishobora gutuma imvura ya grafiti igwa ku mbibi z'ingano.
Nickel ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu kubaka ibikoresho bikoresha soda aho ibyuma bya austenitic bitashobora gukoreshwa. Iyo hari imyanda nka chlorate cyangwa sulfure - cyangwa iyo hakenewe imbaraga nyinshi - hari aho ibikoresho birimo chromium nka alloy 600 L (EN 2.4817/UNS N06600) bikoreshwa. Ikindi kintu gishimishije cyane ku bidukikije birimo chromium nyinshi 33 (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033). Niba ibyo bikoresho bigomba gukoreshwa, hagomba gukorwa ibishoboka byose kugira ngo imikorere itaba yangiza stress na corrosion.
Alloy 33 (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033) igaragaza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese neza muri 25 na 50% NaOH kugeza ku rugero rwo kubira no muri 70% NaOH kuri 170 °C. Iyi alloy yagaragaje ubushobozi bwiza mu bizamini byo mu murima mu ruganda rwahuye na soda ya caustic yavuye mu nzira ya diaphragm.39 Ishusho ya 21 igaragaza bimwe mu bisubizo bijyanye n'ubwinshi bw'iyi alcool ya caustic ya diaphragm, yari yandujwe na chloride na chlorate. Kugeza ku bwinshi bwa 45% NaOH, alloy y'ibikoresho 33 (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033) na nickel alloy 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N2201) bigaragaza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese neza nk'iyo. Iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongera n'ubwinshi bw'ibice bya alloy 33 irushaho gukomera kurusha nickel. Bityo, kubera ko ifite chromium nyinshi, alloy 33 isa nkaho ari ingirakamaro mu gufata ibisubizo bya caustic hamwe na chloride na hypochlorite bivuye muri diaphragm cyangwa selile ya mercury.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-21-2022