Mu 2023, bitewe n’igabanuka ry’ibiciro mu turere dutandukanye, isoko rya polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ku isi riracyafite ibibazo. Mu gice kinini cya 2022, ibiciro bya PVC muri Aziya na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika byagaragaje igabanuka rikomeye ndetse bigabanuka mbere yo kwinjira muri 2023. Mu 2023, mu turere dutandukanye, nyuma y’uko Ubushinwa buvuguruye politiki yabwo yo gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo, isoko ryiteze ko rizasubiza; Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zishobora kongera inyungu mu rwego rwo kurwanya izamuka ry’ibiciro no kugabanya ikiguzi cya PVC mu gihugu muri Amerika. Aziya, iyobowe n’Ubushinwa, na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika byaguze ibicuruzwa bya PVC byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihe hakenewe bike ku isi. Ku bijyanye n’Uburayi, akarere kazakomeza guhura n’ikibazo cy’ibiciro by’ingufu nyinshi n’ihungabana ry’ibiciro, kandi birashoboka ko nta kuzamuka ku buryo burambye kw’inyungu z’inganda.
Uburayi buhanganye n'ihungabana ry'ubukungu
Abitabiriye isoko biteze ko isoko rya caustic soda na PVC mu Burayi mu 2023 bizaterwa n'ubukana bw'ihungabana ry'ubukungu n'ingaruka zaryo ku busabe. Mu ruhererekane rw'inganda za chlor-alkali, inyungu z'abakora ziterwa n'ingaruka zo kuringaniza soda na PVC resin, aho kimwe gishobora kwishyura igihombo cy'ikindi. Mu 2021, ibicuruzwa byombi bizaba bikenewe cyane, PVC ikaba ari yo yiganjemo. Ariko mu 2022, ubusabe bwa PVC bwaragabanutse ubwo umusaruro wa chlor-alkali wagombaga kugabanya umutwaro bitewe n'izamuka ry'ibiciro bya caustic soda bitewe n'ibibazo by'ubukungu n'ibiciro by'ingufu byinshi. Ibibazo byo gukora gaze ya chlorine byatumye habaho igabanuka ry'isoda ya caustic, bikurura umubare munini w'abatumiza imizigo muri Amerika, bituma ibiciro byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Amerika bizamuka cyane kuva mu 2004. Muri icyo gihe, ibiciro bya PVC mu Burayi byaragabanutse cyane, ariko bizakomeza kuba mu biri hejuru ku isi kugeza mu mpera za 2022.
Abitabiriye isoko biteze intege nke zindi ku masoko ya soda ya caustic na PVC yo mu Burayi mu gice cya mbere cya 2023, kuko icyifuzo cy’abaguzi cyagabanutse bitewe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro. Umucuruzi wa soda ya caustic yavuze mu Gushyingo 2022 ati: “Ibiciro biri hejuru bya soda ya caustic biri gutuma ikiguzi cyangirika.” Ariko, bamwe mu bacuruzi bavuze ko amasoko ya soda ya caustic na PVC azagenda neza mu 2023, kandi abakora mu Burayi bashobora kungukirwa muri iki gihe kubera ibiciro biri hejuru bya soda ya caustic.
Kugabanuka kw'ibikenewe muri Amerika byongera ibyoherezwa mu mahanga
Mu mwaka wa 2023, abakora chlor-alkali muri Amerika bazakomeza gukora cyane kandi bakomeze kugira ibiciro bikomeye bya soda ya caustic, mu gihe ibiciro bya PVC bike n'ubusabe biteganijwe ko bizakomeza, nk'uko byatangajwe n'abashinzwe isoko. Kuva muri Gicurasi 2022, igiciro cya PVC cyoherezwa mu mahanga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyagabanutseho hafi 62%, mu gihe igiciro cya soda ya caustic cyoherezwa mu mahanga cyazamutseho hafi 32% kuva muri Gicurasi kugeza Ugushyingo 2022, hanyuma gitangira kugabanuka. Ubushobozi bwa soda ya caustic muri Amerika bwagabanutseho 9% kuva muri Werurwe 2021, ahanini bitewe n'ibura ry'ibiciro muri Olin, byanatumye ibiciro bya soda ya caustic birushaho kwiyongera. Mu mwaka wa 2023, imbaraga z'ibiciro bya soda ya caustic nazo zizagabanuka, nubwo umuvuduko wo kugabanuka ushobora kuba muto.
Westlake Chemical, imwe mu nganda zikora PVC resin muri Amerika, nayo yagabanyije umutwaro wayo wo gukora no kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bitewe n’uko nta gikenewe cyane cya pulasitiki iramba. Nubwo kugabanuka kw’inyungu ku isoko muri Amerika bishobora gutuma igikenewe mu gihugu kizamuka, abitabiriye isoko bavuga ko kuzamuka kw’isi biterwa n’uko igikenewe mu gihugu mu Bushinwa kizongera kuzamuka.
Ibande ku kuzamuka kw'ibikenewe mu Bushinwa
Isoko rya PVC ryo muri Aziya rishobora kongera kuzamuka mu ntangiriro za 2023, ariko amasoko avuga ko kuzamuka kw'ibiciro bizakomeza kuba bike niba icyifuzo cy'Ubushinwa kitagarutse neza. Ibiciro bya PVC muri Aziya bizagabanuka cyane mu 2022, aho ibiciro bya PVC mu Kuboza k'uwo mwaka byageze ku rwego rwo hasi kuva muri Kamena 2020. Ayo masoko avuga ko igiciro cyabyo cyatumye habaho kugura ibintu bitandukanye, bigatuma abantu biringira ko kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bishobora kuba byaragabanutse.
Uwo mutangabuhamya kandi yavuze ko ugereranyije no mu 2022, ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho bya PVC muri Aziya mu 2023 bushobora kuguma ku rwego rwo hasi, kandi umuvuduko w'ibikorwa uzagabanuka bitewe n'ingaruka z'umusaruro uzamuka. Abacuruzi bateganya ko urujya n'uruza rw'imizigo ya PVC ikomoka muri Amerika muri Aziya ruzagabanuka mu ntangiriro za 2023. Ariko, abashinzwe amakuru muri Amerika bavuze ko niba icyifuzo cy'Abashinwa cyongeye kwiyongera, bigatuma ibicuruzwa bya PVC byoherezwa mu mahanga by'Abashinwa bigabanuka, bishobora gutuma ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongera muri Amerika.
Dukurikije amakuru ya gasutamo, ibicuruzwa bya PVC byoherejwe mu Bushinwa byageze kuri toni 278.000 muri Mata 2022. Ibicuruzwa bya PVC byoherejwe mu Bushinwa biragabanuka nyuma ya 2022, kuko ibiciro byoherezwa mu mahanga bya PVC byo muri Amerika biragabanuka, mu gihe ibiciro bya PVC byo muri Aziya bigabanuka n'ibiciro by'imizigo biragabanuka, bityo bigasubiza ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku isi na PVC yo muri Aziya. Kugeza mu Kwakira 2022, ingano ya PVC yoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa yari toni 96.600, urwego rwo hasi cyane kuva muri Kanama 2021. Bamwe mu batanga amakuru ku isoko ry'Aziya bavuze ko icyifuzo cy'Ubushinwa kizongera kwiyongera muri 2023 mu gihe igihugu kizaba gihindura ingamba zacyo zo kurwanya icyorezo. Ku rundi ruhande, kubera ibiciro biri hejuru by'umusaruro, igipimo cy'imikorere y'inganda za PVC zo mu Bushinwa cyagabanutse kuva kuri 70% kigera kuri 56% mu mpera za 2022.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare 14-2023