Muri iki gihe, ingano ya polyethylene ikoreshwa mu gihugu cyanjye ni nini, kandi uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki mu byiciro biragoye kandi ahanini bigurishwa mu buryo butaziguye n'inganda zikora ibikoresho bya pulasitiki. Ni igice cy'ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki mu ruhererekane rw'inganda za pulasitiki. Hamwe n'ingaruka z'ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu gihugu mu karere, icyuho cy'ibicuruzwa n'ibikenewe mu karere ntabwo kiringaniye.
Bitewe no kwiyongera cyane k'ubushobozi bw'umusaruro w'ibigo bitunganya politene byo mu gihugu cyanjye mu myaka yashize, uruhande rw'ibicuruzwa rwariyongereye cyane. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'umusaruro n'imibereho y'abaturage, icyifuzo cyabo cyariyongereye cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha. Ariko, kuva mu gice cya kabiri cya 2021, imimerere mpuzamahanga yabaye mibi kandi ihindagurika. Ikwirakwira ry'icyorezo n'intambara zo mu gace byateye ubusumbane mu ihungabana ry'ubukungu mpuzamahanga. Ukwiyongera kw'ibibazo mu bukungu bw'igihugu byatumye abaturage bumva ko badafite icyo bashoboye mu gihe cyo kwitonda. Muri iki gihe, ingaruka n'imbogamizi bahura nazo mu iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa bya politene nabyo birakomeye cyane.
Iterambere ry’abaturage n’ubukungu ni byo bigena uko ikoreshwa rya PE rikwirakwira. Ukurikije uturere dukoreshwa mu butaka, Ubushinwa bw’Iburasirazuba, Ubushinwa bw’Amajyepfo, n’Ubushinwa bw’Amajyaruguru ni byo bice by’ingenzi bikoreshwa mu butaka bwa politene mu gihugu cyanjye, kandi bizakomeza kuba bitatu bya mbere mu bijyanye no gukoreshwa mu gihe kirekire kiri imbere. Ariko, hamwe no gutangiza ibikoresho bishya mu gihe kizaza, biteganijwe ko icyuho cy’ikoreshwa mu turere dutatu tw’ingenzi gikoreshwa kizagabanuka ku rugero runaka. Biteganijwe ko ibi bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y’itangwa n’ibikenewe mu gihe kizaza ndetse n’urujya n’uruza rw’ibicuruzwa mu turere dukomeye. Ni ngombwa kandi kuvuga ko nubwo igipimo cy’ikoreshwa mu butaka bwa politene mu karere k’iburengerazuba ari gito ugereranyije n’icy’Ubushinwa bw’Iburasirazuba, Ubushinwa bw’Amajyepfo, n’Ubushinwa bw’Amajyaruguru, bitewe na politiki z’imbere mu gihugu nka "Umukandara Umwe, Umuhanda Umwe" na "Iterambere ry’Iburengerazuba", ikoreshwa rya politene mu karere k’iburengerazuba riziyongera mu gihe kizaza. Hari icyizere cyo kwiyongera, cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa by’ibikorwa remezo biyobowe n’imiyoboro, kandi icyifuzo cyo gucura no gucura no gucura ibintu bizunguruka biterwa no kunoza ubuzima buriho kiragaragara cyane.
Hanyuma, ku bijyanye n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bizakoreshwa mu gihe kiri imbere, ni ibihe byitezwe ku iterambere ry'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bizakenerwa cyane mu gihe kiri imbere?
Muri iki gihe, uburyo bwo gukoresha polyethylene mu gihugu cyanjye burimo firime, inshinge, imiyoboro, ubugari, insinga, insinga, insinga, metallocene, irangi n'izindi moko y'ingenzi.
Icya mbere gifatwa n’ingufu nyinshi, igice kinini cy’ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa biri inyuma ni filime. Ku nganda zikora filime, igice cy’ingenzi ni filime z’ubuhinzi, filime z’inganda n’ibicuruzwa bipfunyika. Ariko, mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibintu nko kugabanya imifuka ya pulasitiki no kugabanuka gukabije kw’ibikenewe bitewe n’icyorezo byagiye bibabangamira kenshi, kandi bahura n’ikibazo giteye isoni. Ubusabe bw’ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bya filime za pulasitiki zizasimburwa buhoro buhoro n’ubukunzi bwa pulasitiki zishobora kwangirika. Inganda nyinshi zikora filime nazo zihanganye n’udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda, kandi zigenda zitera imbere buhoro buhoro zigana ku mafilime y’inganda ashobora kongera gukoreshwa afite ireme n’imikorere myiza. Ariko, bitewe n’uko filime za pulasitiki zishobora kwangirika, hari ibisabwa bikomeye byo gupfunyika hanze, cyangwa ubusabe bw’ibicuruzwa byo gupfunyika hanze bigomba kubikwa igihe kirekire nyuma y’igihe cyo kwangirika, kandi filime z’inganda n’izindi nzego ziracyadashobora gusimburwa, bityo filime ziracyakoreshwa. Yabayeho nk’igicuruzwa cy’ingenzi kiri munsi ya poliyetinamu igihe kirekire, ariko hashobora kubaho kugabanuka k’ubwiyongere bw’ibikoreshwa no kugabanuka k’umubare.
Byongeye kandi, inganda nka "injection molding", imiyoboro, n'imyobo bifitanye isano rya hafi n'umusaruro n'ubuzima bizakomeza kuba ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi bikoreshwa nyuma ya polyethylene mu myaka mike iri imbere, kandi bizakomeza kwibanda ku bikorwa remezo, ibintu bikenerwa buri munsi, n'ibikoresho bya leta n'ibikoresho. Imibereho y'abaturage ifitanye isano n'ibicuruzwa biramba, kandi icyifuzo cyo kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa kiragabanuka. Muri iki gihe, ikibazo nyamukuru inganda zavuzwe haruguru zihura nacyo ni uko umuvuduko w'iterambere ry'urwego rw'ubutaka wahagaze mu myaka ya vuba aha. Bitewe n'ibintu nk'ibitekerezo bibi ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa by'abaturage byatewe n'icyorezo gikomeje kwiyongera, iterambere ry'inganda zikora ibicuruzwa riri guhangana n'izamuka ry'ibiciro. Kubwibyo, impinduka mu gihe gito ni nke, kandi ntizigira ingaruka cyane ku bicuruzwa byangiritse. Inganda zikora imiyoboro zishobora kugirwaho ingaruka na politiki, mu gihe "injection molding" n'ibicuruzwa byangiritse bigirwaho ingaruka cyane n'ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa by'abaturage, kandi umuvuduko w'izamuka uzagabanuka mu gihe kizaza.
Bitewe n’iterambere rikomeje rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, impinduka ku giti cyazo no kuvugurura imiterere y’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki, ndetse n’ubuhanga mu bicuruzwa ndetse n’ibisabwa mu gukora ibintu byihariye nabyo bihora bitera imbere. Kubwibyo, mu gihe kizaza, inganda zikora ibikoresho bya pulasitiki zizongera icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe fatizo bizamura imikorere y’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki, nka metallocenes, plastike zizunguruka, ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi n’ibindi bicuruzwa bifite agaciro gakomeye cyangwa ibicuruzwa bifite ibisabwa byihariye mu nzego zihariye. Byongeye kandi, kubera umusaruro mwinshi w’ibigo bitunganya polyethylene mu myaka ya vuba aha, byatumye ibicuruzwa bihinduka cyane, kandi amakimbirane hagati y’Uburusiya na Ukraine mu mwaka yatumye ibiciro bya peteroli bizamuka cyane bizamuka inyungu za ethylene, kandi ukwiyongera kw’ibiciro n’itangwa byatanze umusaruro uhuye cyane. Muri iki gihe, abakora polyethylene barimo gukora cyane mu gukora ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gakomeye nka metallocenes, rotational molding, na coatings, hakurikijwe iterambere ry’inganda zikora. Kubwibyo, umuvuduko w’izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa ushobora kwiyongera ku rugero runaka mu gihe kizaza.
Byongeye kandi, uko icyorezo gikomeza kwiyongera, ndetse n'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ibirango bishya bikorwa n'inganda, insinga za polyethylene, ibikoresho byihariye by'ubuvuzi n'ibicuruzwa birinda nabyo birakurikiranwa buhoro buhoro kandi bigatezwa imbere, kandi ubusabe bw'ejo hazaza nabwo buziyongera buhoro buhoro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-06-2022