Amakuru y'inganda
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HDPE ikoreshwa mu ki?
HDPE ikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa no mu bipfunyika nko mu macupa y'amata, amacupa y'isabune, mu tubati twa margarine, mu bikoresho by'imyanda n'imiyoboro y'amazi. Mu tubati dufite uburebure butandukanye, HDPE ikoreshwa nk'isimbura utubati twa morti two mu ikarito kubera impamvu ebyiri z'ingenzi. Iya mbere, ni nziza cyane kuruta utubati twa mortito kuko iyo igikonjo cyangiritse kikagwa mu muyoboro wa HDPE, umuyoboro ntuzameneka. Impamvu ya kabiri ni uko zishobora kongera gukoreshwa bituma abashushanya bakora uduce twinshi twa mortito. Abahanga mu by'imiti babuza ikoreshwa rya PVC mu tubati twa mortito kuko ikunda kumenagurika, yohereza ibice bya pulasitiki ku bareba bashobora kuba bareba, kandi ntizagaragara muri X-rays. -
Ikarita y'icyatsi kibisi ya PLA iba igisubizo kirambye gikunzwe cyane ku nganda z'imari.
Hakenewe pulasitike nyinshi kugira ngo hakorwe amakarita ya banki buri mwaka, kandi kubera impungenge z’ibidukikije zikomeje kwiyongera, Thales, umuyobozi mu by’umutekano mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, yateguye igisubizo. Urugero, ikarita ikozwe muri aside polylactic 85% (PLA), ikomoka ku bigori; ubundi buryo bushya ni ugukoresha inyabutabire zikomoka ku bikorwa byo gusukura inkombe binyuze mu bufatanye n’itsinda ry’ibidukikije rya Parley for the Oceans. Imyanda ya pulasitiki yakusanyijwe - "Ocean Plastic®" nk'ibikoresho fatizo bishya byo gukora amakarita; hari kandi amahitamo ku makarita ya PVC ashobora kongera gukoreshwa akozwe mu myanda ya pulasitiki ikomoka mu nganda zipakira no gucapa kugira ngo agabanye ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki nshya. -
Isesengura rigufi ry'amakuru y'ibicuruzwa byinjizwa n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya resin ya pvc mu Bushinwa kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Kamena.
Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Kamena 2022, igihugu cyanjye cyatumije toni 37.600 za paste resin, kugabanukaho 23% ugereranije n’igihe nk’icyo umwaka ushize, kandi cyohereje toni 46.800 za paste resin, kuzamukaho 53.16% ugereranije n’igihe nk’icyo umwaka ushize. Mu gice cya mbere cy’umwaka, uretse ibigo byigenga byafunzwe kugira ngo bibungabungwe, umutwaro w’uruganda rwa paste resin rwo mu gihugu wagumye ku rwego rwo hejuru, ibicuruzwa byari bihagije, kandi isoko ryakomeje kugabanuka. Inganda zashatse cyane ibyoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo zigabanye amakimbirane ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, kandi ingano y’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga yariyongereye cyane. -
Wamenya ute niba plastiki ari polypropylene?
Bumwe mu buryo bworoshye bwo gukora ikizamini cy'umuriro ni ugukata icyitegererezo muri pulasitiki ukagishyira mu kabati k'umuriro. Ibara ry'umuriro, impumuro n'imiterere y'umuriro bishobora kwerekana ubwoko bwa pulasitiki: 1. Polyethylene (PE) - Itonyanga, impumuro nk'iy'ibishashi by'umukara; 2. Polypropylene (PP) - Itonyanga, impumuro isanzwe y'amavuta ya moteri yanduye n'iy'ibishashi by'umukara; 3. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, "Perspex") - Udupira, uduce duto, impumuro nziza ihumura neza; 4. Polyamide cyangwa "Nylon" (PA) - Urumuri rw'umukara, impumuro ya marigolds; 5. Acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene (ABS) - Urumuri rudasobanutse, rudafite ubushyuhe, impumuro ya marigolds; 6. Polyethylene foam (PE) - Itonyanga, impumuro ya bishashi by'umukara -
Mars M Beans yashyize ahagaragara impapuro za PLA zishobora kubora mu Bushinwa.
Mu 2022, Mars yashyize ahagaragara shokora ya mbere ya M&M ipakiye mu mpapuro zishobora kwangirika mu Bushinwa. Ikozwe mu bikoresho bishobora kwangirika nk'impapuro na PLA, bisimbura ipaki gakondo ya pulasitiki yoroshye mu bihe byashize. Ipaki yanyuze muri GB/T. Uburyo bwo kugena ifumbire bwo mu 19277.1 bwemeje ko mu gihe cyo gukora ifumbire y'imborera mu nganda, ishobora kwangirika ku kigero kirenga 90% mu mezi 6, kandi ikaba amazi atari uburozi mu binyabuzima, dioxyde de carbone n'ibindi bicuruzwa nyuma yo kwangirika. -
Ibicuruzwa bya PVC byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa biracyari hejuru mu gice cya mbere cy'umwaka.
Dukurikije imibare iheruka ya gasutamo, muri Kamena 2022, ingano y'ifu ya PVC yo mu gihugu cyanjye yari toni 29.900, yiyongereyeho 35.47% ugereranyije n'ukwezi gushize n'izamuka rya 23.21% ugereranyije n'umwaka ushize; muri Kamena 2022, ingano y'ifu ya PVC yo mu gihugu cyanjye yoherezwa mu mahanga yari toni 223.500, igabanuka ry'ukwezi kwa buri kwezi ryari 16%, naho izamuka ry'umwaka ryabaye 72.50%. Ingano y'iyoherezwa mu mahanga yakomeje kuguma ku rwego rwo hejuru, byagabanyije ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu ku rugero runaka. -
Polypropylene (PP) ni iki?
Polypropylene (PP) ni thermoplastic ikomeye, ikomeye kandi ikoze muri kristu. Ikozwe muri monomer ya propene (cyangwa propylene). Iyi resin ya hydrocarbon iri ku murongo ni polymer yoroshye cyane mu zindi pulasitiki zose zikoreshwa. PP iza nka homopolymer cyangwa nka copolymer kandi ishobora kongerwamo cyane hamwe n'inyongera. Ikoreshwa mu gupfunyika, mu modoka, mu bicuruzwa bicuruzwa, mu buvuzi, mu mafirime ya filime, nibindi. PP yabaye ibikoresho bikundwa cyane, cyane cyane iyo ushaka polymer ikomeye cyane (urugero, ugereranije na Polyamide) mu bikorwa by'ubuhanga cyangwa ushakisha inyungu mu macupa yo gushushanya (ugereranije na PET). -
Polyethylene (PE) ni iki?
Polyethylene (PE), izwi kandi nka polythene cyangwa polyethene, ni imwe muri pulasitiki zikoreshwa cyane ku isi. Polyethylene akenshi igira imiterere igororotse kandi izwiho kuba polymeri zongewemo. Ikoreshwa ry'ibanze ry'izi polymeri zikoze mu buryo bwa sintetike ni mu gupfunyika. Polyethelyne ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora imifuka ya pulasitiki, amacupa, amafirime ya pulasitiki, ibikoresho, n'ibipimo bya geomembrane. Byaragaragaye ko toni zirenga miliyoni 100 za polyethene zikorwa buri mwaka mu rwego rw'ubucuruzi n'inganda. -
Isesengura ry'imikorere y'isoko ry'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya PVC mu gihugu cyanjye mu gice cya mbere cya 2022.
Mu gice cya mbere cya 2022, isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya PVC ryiyongereye uko umwaka utashye. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, cyagizweho ingaruka n’ihungabana ry’ubukungu ku isi n’icyorezo, amasosiyete menshi yo mu gihugu atumiza mu mahanga yagaragaje ko icyifuzo cya disiki zo hanze cyagabanutse cyane. Ariko, kuva mu ntangiriro za Gicurasi, hamwe n’izamuka ry’ikibazo cy’icyorezo n’ingamba zitandukanye zashyizweho na guverinoma y’Ubushinwa zo gushishikariza ubukungu kuzahura, igipimo cy’imikorere y’ibigo bitunganya PVC byo mu gihugu cyariyongereye cyane, isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya PVC ryariyongereye, kandi icyifuzo cya disiki zo hanze cyariyongereye. Umubare werekana ko hari intambwe y’iterambere, kandi umusaruro w’isoko muri rusange wariyongereye ugereranije n’igihe cyashize. -
PVC ikoreshwa mu ki?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, cyangwa vinyl) ihendutse kandi ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye mu nyubako no mu bwubatsi, mu buvuzi, mu by'ikoranabuhanga, mu modoka no mu bindi bice, mu bicuruzwa bitandukanye kuva ku miyoboro n'ibice by'amazi, mu mifuka y'amaraso no mu miyoboro, kugeza ku byuma bikingira insinga n'insinga, ibice by'ibirahuri by'imbere n'ibindi. -
Umushinga wo kwagura ethylene no gutunganya amashanyarazi wa Hainan Refinery utwaye toni miliyoni ugiye gutangwa.
Umushinga wo gutunganya no kwagura amashanyarazi wa Hainan hamwe n'umushinga wo kongera kubaka no kwagura amashanyarazi biherereye mu gace k'iterambere ry'ubukungu ka Yangpu, aho ishoramari rya miliyari zisaga 28 z'amayuan. Kugeza ubu, iterambere ry'ubwubatsi muri rusange ryageze kuri 98%. Nyuma y'uko umushinga urangiye kandi ugashyirwa mu bikorwa, biteganijwe ko uzatwara inganda zisaga miliyari 100 z'amayuan. Inama ya Olefin Feedstock Diversification na High-end Downstream izabera i Sanya ku ya 27-28 Nyakanga. Muri iki gihe gishya, iterambere ry'imishinga minini nka PDH, na ethane cracking, icyerekezo cy'ikoranabuhanga rishya mu gihe kizaza nka peteroli ijya muri olefin, no kongera umusaruro mushya w'amakara/methanol muri olefin. -
MIT: Uduce duto twa copolymer duto twa polylactic-glycolic acid dukora urukingo "rwiyongera".
Abahanga mu bya siyansi bo mu kigo cy’ikoranabuhanga cya Massachusetts (MIT) batangaje mu kinyamakuru giherutse cya Science Advances ko barimo gukora urukingo rumwe rwo kwiyongerera imbaraga. Nyuma y’uko urukingo rushyizwe mu mubiri w’umuntu, rushobora gusohoka inshuro nyinshi nta mpamvu yo kurutera. Biteganijwe ko uru rukingo rushya ruzakoreshwa mu kurwanya indwara kuva kuri measles kugeza kuri Covid-19. Bivugwa ko uru rukingo rushya rukozwe mu bice bya poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). PLGA ni ikintu cy’umwimerere cya polymer gishobora kwangirika, kidahumanya kandi gifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza n’ibinyabuzima. Yemejwe gukoreshwa mu gutera imiti, gukurura, ibikoresho byo gusana, nibindi.