Ni iyihe miti Ubushinwa bwohereje muri Tayilande?

Iterambere ry'isoko ry'ibinyabutabire muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba rishingiye ku itsinda rinini ry'abaguzi, abakozi bahendutse, na politiki zidafite akamaro. Bamwe mu bantu bakora muri urwo rwego bavuga ko imiterere y'isoko ry'ibinyabutabire muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba isa cyane n'iy'Ubushinwa mu myaka ya 1990. Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda z'ibinyabutabire mu Bushinwa, iterambere ry'isoko ry'ibinyabutabire muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo ryarushijeho kugaragara. Bityo, hari ibigo byinshi bireba imbere byagura cyane inganda z'ibinyabutabire muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, nka epoxy propane na propylene, no kongera ishoramari ryabyo ku isoko rya Vietnam.

(1) Karuboni y'umukara ni yo miti ikomeye cyane yoherezwa muri Tayilande iva mu Bushinwa
Dukurikije imibare y’amakuru ya gasutamo, igipimo cy’umukara wa karuboni woherejwe mu Bushinwa muri Tayilande mu 2022 kiri hafi toni 300000, bigatuma ari cyo kintu kinini cyoherezwa mu mahanga mu bindi binyabutabire byinshi bibaruwe. Umukara wa karuboni wongerwa muri karuboni nk'ikintu gikomeza imbaraga (reba ibikoresho byo kongera imbaraga) n'icyuzuza binyuze mu kuvanga mu gutunganya karuboni, kandi ahanini gikoreshwa mu nganda zitunganya amapine.
Umukara wa karuboni ni ifu y'umukara ikorwa no gutwika burundu cyangwa gutwika karuboni, ibintu by'ingenzi bikaba ari karuboni n'umubare muto wa ogisijeni na sulfure. Uburyo bwo kuyikora ni ugutwika cyangwa gutwika, bibaho mu bushyuhe bwinshi kandi bigaherekezwa n'ingufu nyinshi. Kuri ubu, hari inganda nke z'umukara wa karuboni muri Tayilande, ariko hari ibigo byinshi by'amapine, cyane cyane mu majyepfo ya Tayilande. Iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda z'amapine ryatumye habaho gukenera cyane ikoreshwa rya karuboni, bigatuma habaho icyuho mu mikoreshereze y'amazi.
Tokai Carbon Corporation yo mu Buyapani yatangaje mu mpera za 2022 ko iteganya kubaka uruganda rushya rw’umukara wa karuboni mu Ntara ya Rayong, muri Tayilande. Iteganya gutangira kubaka muri Nyakanga 2023 no kurangiza gukora mbere ya Mata 2025, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni 180000 ku mwaka z’umukara wa karuboni. Ishoramari rya Donghai Carbon Company mu kubaka uruganda rw’umukara wa karuboni rinagaragaza iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda zo muri Tayilande zikora amapine ndetse n’ubwiyongere bw’ibyifuzo byazo by’umukara wa karuboni.
Uru ruganda niruzura, ruzaba rwujuje icyuho cya toni 180000 ku mwaka muri Tayilande, kandi biteganijwe ko icyuho cya karuboni ikara yo muri Tayilande kizagabanuka kikagera kuri toni zigera kuri 150000 ku mwaka.
(2) Tayilande itumizwa mu mahanga ingano nini ya peteroli n'ibindi bicuruzwa bifitanye isano buri mwaka
Dukurikije imibare ya gasutamo y’Abashinwa, igipimo cy’inyongeramusaruro za peteroli zoherezwa mu Bushinwa muri Tayilande mu 2022 kingana na toni 290000, mazutu na tar ya ethylene bigera kuri toni 250000, lisansi na ethanol bigera kuri toni 110000, peteroli bigera kuri toni 30000, naho peteroli yo mu bwato ikaba hafi toni 25000. Muri rusange, igipimo cyose cya peteroli n’ibindi bifitanye isano bitumizwa na Tayilande bivuye mu Bushinwa kirenga toni 700000 ku mwaka, bigaragaza igipimo gikomeye.