Soda ya Caustic irashobora kugabanywamo soda ya flake, soda y'ibinure na soda ikomeye bitewe n'imiterere yayo. Gukoresha soda ya caustic bikubiyemo byinshi, ibi bikurikira ni intangiriro irambuye kuri wewe:
1. Peteroli itunganyijwe.
Nyuma yo kozwa na aside sulfurike, ibikomoka kuri peteroli biracyarimo ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya aside, bigomba kozwa na sodium hydroxide hanyuma bigakaraba n'amazi kugira ngo haboneke ibintu bitunganyijwe.
2. gucapa no gusiga irangi
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu marangi ya indigo na quinone. Mu irangi rya vat, hagomba gukoreshwa umuti wa soda na sodium hydrosulfite kugira ngo bibe aside leuko, hanyuma bigashyirwa mu buryo butavangwa n’uturemangingo nyuma yo gusigwa.
Nyuma y’uko umwenda w’ipamba uvuwe n’umuti wa caustic soda, ishashi, amavuta, sitashi n’ibindi bintu bitwikiriye umwenda w’ipamba bishobora gukurwaho, kandi icyarimwe, ubwiza bw’umwenda bushobora kongerwa kugira ngo irangi rirusheho kuba rimwe.
3. Fibre y'imyenda
1). Imyenda y'ipamba
Imyenda y'ipamba n'iy'ilino ivurwa n'umuti wa sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) kugira ngo inoze imiterere ya fibre. Fibre zakozwe n'abantu nka rayon, rayon, rayon, n'izindi, ahanini ni fibre za viscose. Zikozwe muri cellulose (nk'inyama), sodium hydroxide, na disulfide ya karubone (CS2) nk'ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora viscose, iterwamo umwuka, ikorwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gushonga.
2). Fibre ya viscose
Ubwa mbere, koresha umuti wa soda ya caustic wa 18-20% kugira ngo ushyiremo cellulose mu cyuma cya alkali, hanyuma wumishe hanyuma usya cellulose ya alkali, ongeramo disulfide ya karuboni, hanyuma ushongeshe sulfonate ukoresheje dilute lye kugira ngo ubone viscose. Nyuma yo kuyungurura no gukuramo utubumbe tw’umwuka, ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuzunguruka.
4. Gukora impapuro
Ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora impapuro ni ibimera by'ibiti cyangwa ibyatsi, birimo ingano nini ya selulosi (lignin, gum, nibindi) hiyongereyeho selulosi. Sodiyumu hidrojeni ikoreshwa mu gushushanya, kandi iyo lignin iri mu giti ikuweho ni bwo haboneka imigozi. Ibice bitari selulosi bishobora gushonga no gutandukanywa hongerwamo umuti wa sodiyumu hidrojeni, kugira ngo haboneke impumuro irimo selulosi nk'igice cy'ingenzi.
5. Kunoza ubutaka ukoresheje ishwagara.
Mu butaka, imihindagurikire y’ubutare ishobora no gutanga aside bitewe no kurema aside organic uko ibintu bibora. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda nka ammonium sulfate na ammonium chloride nabyo bizatuma ubutaka bugira aside. Gushyiramo ingano ikwiye ya lime bishobora kugabanya aside mu butaka, bigatuma ubutaka bukwirakwira mu mikurire y’ibihingwa no gutuma utwo dukoko twororoka. Ubwiyongere bwa Ca2+ mu butaka bushobora gutuma imiterere y’ubutaka ifungana, ibyo bikaba byiza ku miterere y’ibimera, kandi icyarimwe bishobora gutanga kalisiyumu ikenewe kugira ngo ibimera bikure.
6. Inganda z'ibinyabutabire n'ibinyabutabire.
Mu nganda z’imiti, soda ikoreshwa mu gukora icyuma cya sodium no mu mazi akoresha amashanyarazi. Ivu rya sodium cyangwa ivu rya sodium rikoreshwa mu gukora imyunyu myinshi idakomoka ku bimera, cyane cyane mu gutegura imyunyu imwe na imwe ya sodium (nka borax, sodium silicate, sodium phosphate, sodium dichromate, sodium sulfite, nibindi). Ivu rya sodium cyangwa ivu rya sodium naryo rikoreshwa mu gukora amarangi, imiti n’ibindi bintu bikomoka ku bimera.
7. umupira, uruhu
1). Silika yangiritse
Ubwa mbere: gukora ikirahuri cy'amazi (Na2O.mSO2) ukoresheje sodium hydroxide hamwe n'amabuye ya quartz (SiO2)
Icya kabiri: ikirahuri cy'amazi gikoresha aside sulfuriki, aside hydrochloric, na dioxyde de carbone kugira ngo habeho umukara w'umweru wa karuboni (dioxyde de silicon)
Silika ivugwa hano ni yo ikungahaza cyane mu gukoresha rabu karemano n'iy'ubukorikori
2). Gusubiramo ibikoresho bya kera bya "rubber"
Mu kongera gukoresha ifu ya rubber ishaje, ifu ya rubber iterwa umuti wa sodium hydroxide, hanyuma igatunganywa.
3). Uruhu
Ubucuruzi bw'uruhu: uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha amazi y'ivu ry'imyanda yo mu bwoko bwa tannery, ku ruhande rumwe, hagati y'intambwe ebyiri zo kunywesha amazi ya sodium sulfide no kongeramo uburyo bwo kunywesha ifu y'indimu mu buryo bwo kwagura buriho, gukoresha uburemere bw'umukara byongeraho 0.3-0.5%. Intambwe yo kunywesha 30% bya sodium hydroxide ituma fibre y'uruhu yaguka neza, ikubahiriza ibisabwa mu buryo, kandi ikongera ireme ry'umusaruro urangiye neza.
8. ikoranabuhanga mu by'ibyuma, gukoresha amashanyarazi
Mu nganda zikora ibyuma, akenshi biba ngombwa guhindura ibintu bikora mu mabuye mo umunyu wa sodiyumu ushonga kugira ngo haveho imyanda idashonga. Kubwibyo, akenshi biba ngombwa kongeramo ivu rya soda (naryo ni ivu), rimwe na rimwe na soda ya caustic nayo irakoreshwa.
9. ibindi bice by'uruhare
1). Hari imirimo ibiri ya soda ya caustic ya ceramic mu gukora ibumba. Iya mbere, soda ya caustic ikoreshwa nk'umuti mu gutwika ibumba. Iya kabiri, ubuso bw'ibumba rya caustic buzashwanyagurika cyangwa bugashwanyagurika cyane. Sukura ukoresheje umuti wa soda ya caustic. Hanyuma, gira ubuso bwa ceramic burusheho kuba bwiza.
2). Mu nganda zikora ibikoresho, ikoreshwa nk'igabanya aside, igabanya ibara na deodorizer. Inganda zifata zikoreshwa nk'isukari ya starch na neutralizer. Ishobora gukoreshwa nk'igabanya ibara, igabanya ibara n'igabanya impumuro y'indimu, peaches, n'ibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-16-2023